tongren

Mapping the Monguor

Abstract: 
This book focuses on the people officially referred to in China as the Tu and more commonly known in the West as the Monguor. The Tu live mostly in Qinghai and Gansu provinces, on the northeast Tibetan Plateau. The thirteen contributions in this collection shed new light on diversity among the Tu, challenging representations that treat them as a homogenous category. This mapping of cultural and linguistic diversity is organized according to the three territories where the Monguor live: the Duluun Lunkuang 'The Seven Valleys', where the Mongghul language is spoken; Sanchuan 'The Three Valleys', where the Mangghuer language is spoken; and Khre tse Bzhi 'The Four Estates', where the Bonan language is spoken. In addition to mapping diversity among the Monguor in terms of these territories, we also map the project of the contemporary Chinese state and Western observers to describe and classify the Monguor. Consisting of translations of valuable source materials as well as original research articles, this book is an essential reference work for Tibetologists, Sinologists, Mongolists, and all those interested in cultural and linguistic diversity in Asia. Includes maps, images, references, article abstracts, and a list of non-English terms with original scripts.
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Foreign Visitors

I was surprised to see so many foreigners during the ritual. I was told that some of them are temporary travelers, and that some had lived there for years. During the ritual process, photographers wander around everywhere without a hint of concern about possibly inconveniencing the participants or villagers. Their cameras kept clicking and no one asked permission.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Foreign Visitors

During the ritual process, photographers wander around everywhere without a hint of concern about possibly inconveniencing the participants or villagers. Their cameras kept clicking and no one asked permission.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Circumambulation

The ritual begins with men circumambulating the courtyard.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom
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Offerings

At the beginning of the Klu rol ritual each household brings offerings to the village courtyard where the ritual starts and proceeds from. Tsampa (roasted barley flour), fruits (grapes and apples), breads (all homemade), liquor (barley or rice) and cookies are offered. Flowers are placed among the offerings as decoration.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Circumambulation

The ritual begins with men circumambulating the courtyard. They walk in a systematical gait as a man beats a drum. This constant beat provides the rhythm to keep their steps together. While the men walk, the Lhaba (trance medium) prepares. The entire village attends this part of the ritual. Women with their children sit nearby and watch.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Dressing

After the meal the village men go back to their homes to get ready for the ritual. All ritual participants are required to wear a Tibetan robe and Tibetan long-sleeved shirts. These clothes were traditionally everyday wear, but people don’t wear them very often nowadays. The socks that they wear for the ritual are special in that they are homemade and are very different from the ones people wear in daily life. 

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Food Preparation

Five households in the village invite all the villagers to share a meal which is prepared particularly for this ritual. The feast is served before the ritual begins. Because between fifty to seventy people come to eat, all the village women come to help prepare, bringing bowls and cooking tools with them. Big pots of soup with noodles and meat are served.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Foreign Visitor

I was surprised to see so many foreigners during the ritual. I was told that some of them are temporary travelers, and that some had lived there for years. During the ritual process, photographers wander around everywhere without a hint of concern about possibly inconveniencing the participants or villagers. Their cameras kept clicking and no one asked permission.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom

Foreign Visitors

I was surprised to see so many foreigners during the ritual. I was told that some of them are temporary travelers, and that some had lived there for years. During the ritual process, photographers wander around everywhere without a hint of concern about possibly inconveniencing the participants or villagers. Their cameras kept clicking and no one asked permission.

Photographer: 
Lhundrom
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